Jean
Bourdichon, the painter three sovereigns- Charles VIII.,
Ludwigs
XII. and Franz' I. -, was up to the middle of the past
Century
in oblivion ends up. One admired the
masterly
hour-book of the Anne from Brittany (Paris), wrote
it
however the miniature-painter ever-at Poyet to. First through a
1868
discovered, of queen Anne signed payment instruction
was
confessed Bourdichon as creators of this factory. With ever-at
Bourdichon,
the only few years before the end of the Loire-
Educates,
died, ended the big tradition of the miniature-painting.
Many a
see into the factory Bourdichons, this straggler and
Gothic
fellows Leonardos da Vinci, the last
Highlight
of an in the fading understand and their total
Renewal
walks toward to French art.
Emile Mäle
has a number of colour, with security
Bourdichon
to attributes to collects works, about them with
the
hour-book of the Anne from Brittany to compare. It is
this:
Charles hour-book VIII., Friedrich's hour-book
of
Aragon (Paris), a missal of Tours (Paris), a hour-book
out
of the Bibliotheque de I'Arsenal in Paris and an of further
out of
the collection Edmond de Rothschild. On same manner
could
one Bourdichon as creators of further illuminate
Handwritings
in Innsbruck, mode-well and England determines.
Furthermore
Jacques Dupont of 1936 identified a Triptychon out of the
Museum of Neapel as a factory Bourdichons.
On the middle this work has represented
Maria with child, over it- how
on a
type of Tympanon- the crucifixion Christi. The side-wings
shows
on the left Johannes d. T. and over it the Hl. Michael;
right
underneath Johannes d. E. and above the Hl. Georg. The
Similarity
with the paintings the hour-book of the Anne of
Brittany
is in composition how in tone extraordinary
big.
Therefore becomes as this Triptychon the until now only
authentic
easel-picture Bourdichons looks at. The artist
created
however numerous each other be similar factories: One finds in
the
texts the description of a picture, that Maria under a
of
angels hand-me-downs canopy represents; this motive led
he
undoubtedly in several settings out of. He has also some
Paintings
with the sacred Christophorus as well as portraits Charles VIII
and the
queen creates. The king he put in different
Scenes ,
for example how he a sermon listens.
Through
a prick of Michel Lasne a depiction remained also
the
sacred Franz of Paula gets, the Bourdichon for
Ludwig
XII has painted.
Ever-at
Bourdichons versatility arranged his fellows,
he the
most different jobs to : He planed
the
plans for Caudebec, created the dead-mask the sacred Franz
of
Paula, drafted as well as coins for Nantes a reliquary and
Lamps
for the Ste-Chapelle of Bourbon-I'Archambaud and
embellished
rank-types.
Time and
place of his birth have not confessed exact. Only out of
his name,
the still today in the Bourbonnais frequent to meet
is,
could close one, that he out of the heart Frances
came.
Against it is quite sure, that he his training
very
early in Tours began, presumably in the workshop of ever-at
Fouquet,
that influence in Bourdichons works clear
recognizable
is. With 20 years he already stood into the service king
Ludwigs
XI. and painted that band in Plessis-lez-Tours out of.
Ludwigs
son Charles VIII. was with this work so content, that he
Bourdichon
to the painter of the earls appointed and he the very
honor-full
title of a valet lent. Also under
Ludwig
XII. remained the painter in his office. About 1500 ordered
Anne
from Brittany the hour-book, at the he long with big
Diligence
works has and the he first 1508 appreciate became.
Franz
I., that the masters already of the jobs of his father,
the earl
of Angouleme, knew, let sees 1516 of him
portrays;
late he employed him with the embellishment of the
Encampment
Camp you Drap d'Or, where itself Franz I. with the
English King Heinrich VIII met. Bourdichons
decorations
emotional
general delight. Few months to this
Triumph
the artist died.
The
composition of his miniatures is loose, sometimes something
banal;
the faces of the persons work blankly, their
Stand
stereotyped, One senses, that the miniature-painting, this
big art
form of the Middle Ages, already inanimate becomes and
Bourdichons
factory as it were you had swan-narrowness-sung. This very
precious,
but in their rigidity at Byzantine picture-blackboards
reminiscent
miniatures are of splendid edge-strips um-
gives,
into the wonderful, immense lifelike pictures of
Flowers
and fruits have inserted. This style stirs of the
Miniature-painters
of the Gent-Brügger school ago, that important
Representatives
to the family Bening heard and that the
biggest
part of the renowned Brevier Grimani to have owed.
Bourdichons
countryside’s have painted in the tradition Fouquets.
One
finds at Bourdichon the same feeling for the air-perspective,
the
resembles tender bluish sounds into the picture-background,
at Tag-
how at night-scenes. One discovers in his factory
also
many antique and Italian motives. Is ever the painter in
Is Rome?
Presumably he has only corresponding presentations in
Fouquets
studio finds. How Fouquet related also Bourdichon
frequently
gold. One knows still some handwriting in
very
alike manner; it is therefore very likely, that
Bourdichon
in Tours a workshop had, out of the numerous
Works
have forth-gone.
On the
existence of such a studios itself has incidentally Madeleine
Huillet
d'Istria in a first lately appears, the
Masters
work devoted of Moulins supports, about a whole
new
theory over Bourdichon to develop. The author-in believes,
into the
hour-book of the Anne from Brittany the handwriting of several
Painters
distinguish to can and suspects, that Bourdichon
only the
head a picture of the praying Anne paints
has, it
itself however at all different he so far attributes to
Miniatures
only about works out of his studio deal.
Same-welfare
points out grub-leash Huillet d'Istria the factory
Bourdichons
a very much high rank to: you recommend, he- besides
the head
of the Anne from Brittany- the portrait of the Dauphin
Charles-Orland
to attribute to, the, as gift of Carlos de
Beistegui,
in the Louvre hangs; furthermore the method-picture of the Triptychons
in the
cathedral of Moulins- both factories became until now
the
master of Moulins attributes to-, and furthermore a
little
group of three kneeling shapes in the Triptychon of
Hole, of
that one until now takes, that they
the school of
Ever-at
Fouquet came, over the one however actually the
Initials
and following I. B. could read: the Fecit Johannes Bourdichon
is
called?
This
theory changed all things, to that one until now
Bourdichon
have classified. Anyway they are still too new, about
without
each reservation to become; one becomes a
second
work must wait for, that the author-in to their
Investigations
over the factory of Bourdichon have announced.
Factory-selection:
INNSBRUCK
university-library, Cod. 281 hour-book,
76 x of
22 cm. - LONDON Slg). Rothschild,> hour-book," 75 x of 70
cm. -
Sir John Soane's museum, Nr. 5>, hour-book, 15 x of 70 cm.
-
MODE-WELL Biblioteca Estense, Lat. 22a K. 7. 2 hour-book,
NEAPEL
Galleria Nazionale, Palazzo di Capodimonte, Triptychon,
Wood:
middle with pleat "Maria with child and over it "crucifixion
Christr,
114 of x74 cm; left wing>, Johannes d. T. and over it
Hl.
Michael, 714 x of 32 cm; right wing Johannes d. E. and
over it>,
HI. Georg, 174 x of 32 cm. - NEW YORK Pierpont Morgan
Library,
Ms. Nr. 732>, hour-book, 26 x of 75 cm. - PARIS Biblio-
theque
National, Ms. Lat. 9474,> hour-book of the Anne of Bre-
tagne,
30 x of 20 cm l Ms. LaL of 886~, missal of Tours, 41 x of 29 cM l
Ms. Lat.
10.532,~ hour-book Friedrichs of Aragon, 24 x of 15
cm/ Ms.
Lat. Charles hour-book Vlll., 18 x of 70 cm/ Ms.
Lat.
1363 hour-book with portrait, 4 x of 70 at.
Literature-hint:
M. HUILLET
D'ISTRIA uLe Maitre de Moulins, Paris of 1961/ "Met-
tons fin au
mythe you Maitre de Moulins in Connaissance of the
Arts, 7960. -
R. LIMOUSIN "ever-at Bourdichon, peintre enlumi-
neure, son
atelier ah son ecole (with catalog), Lyon of 1954. - C. R.
fIOT uDu
nouveau sur lean Bourdichon in "bulletin trimestriel
de la Societe
archeologique de Touraine XXX, 1949-50, S. 65 and following -
E. MÄLE, E. POGNON nLes Heures d'Anne de Brittany in
Verve
IV,
1946, Nr. 74-75, S. 9, 24. - /. DUPONT uUn triptyque de lean
Bourdichon au
Musee de Naples in "monument Piot XXXV,
7935-36,
S. 779 and following - P. DUIEU u/ ean Bourdichon into A. MI-
CHEL "Histoire
de I'Art IV, Paris of 1909-11, S. 738/ "Le peintre
Ever-at
Bourdichon et le comte Charles d'Angouleme, pere de Fran-
cois ler
in nChronique the arts< r L, 7908, 5. 57 and following / uDecouverte de
nouvelles
miniatures de lean Bourdichon in "Chronique of the arts
XLVII,
7905, S. 164 and following - E. MÄLE~, lean Bourdichon et son at~ lier in
"Gazette
of the Beaux-Arts/ g. 46, XXXIl, 7904, S. 441 and following l "Trois CEuv-
res nouvelles
de lean Bourdichon in Gazette the 8eaux-Arts"
Jg. 44,
XXVII, 1902, S. 185 and following
R.
Guilly